0 Iphaneli yelanga isebenza njengedivayisi eguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi ngamaseli e-photovoltaic (PV), akhiwe ngezinto ezikhiqiza ama-electron anamandla lapho kukhanya. Lawa ma-electron ahamba ngesekhethi, akha ugesi wamanje (DC) oqondile, osebenzisekayo ukuze unike amandla amadivaysi noma agcinwe kumabhethri. Amaphaneli elanga, abuye abizwe ngokuthi amaphaneli amaseli elanga, amaphaneli kagesi welanga, noma amamojula e-PV, asebenzisa le nqubo.
Lawa maphaneli ngokuvamile akha ama-array noma amasistimu, akha isistimu ye-photovoltaic ehlanganisa iphaneli yelanga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kanye ne-inverter eguqula ugesi we-DC ube wamanje oshintshanayo (AC). Izingxenye ezengeziwe njengezilawuli, amamitha, nezilandeleli zingase zibe yingxenye yalokhu kusetha. Amasistimu anjalo anezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlinzeka ngogesi osebenza ngaphandle kwegridi ezindaweni ezikude noma ukufaka ugesi oweqile kugridi, okuvumela amakhredithi noma izinkokhelo ezivela ezinkampanini zezinsiza—uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi isistimu ye-photovoltaic exhunywe kugridi.
Izinzuzo zamaphaneli elanga zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo nehlanzekile, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, nokunqanda izikweletu zikagesi. Nokho, izithiyo zihlanganisa ukuthembela ekutholakaleni kokukhanya kwelanga, ukudinga ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nezindleko zokuqala ezinkulu. Asetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izizinda zokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, nezimboni, amaphaneli elanga nawo abalulekile emkhathini nasezinhlelweni zokuhamba.